Chronological Listing of Beyond Mapping Columns

by Joseph K. Berry appearing in GeoWorld magazine from 1989 through present.

<Click here> right-click to download a printer-friendly version (.pdf).

The compilation of Beyond Mapping columns is organized into three groupings—

Beyond Mapping III: A Compilation of Beyond Mapping Columns is an online book organizing the columns from 1996 to present into 28 Topics, Introduction and Epilog

Beyond Mapping II: A Compilation of Beyond Mapping Columns is an online book organizing the columns from 1993 to 1996 into 10 Topics, Introduction and Epilog

Beyond Mapping I: A Compilation of Beyond Mapping Columns is an online book organizing the columns from 1989 to 1993 into 10 Topics, Introduction and Epilog

…click on hyper links to access the postings; click on any of the figures to pop-up a high resolution graphic. Permission to use portions of the collection for educational and non-commercial purposes is granted provided reference is made to the author and this online compilation.

Notes: Recent Beyond Mapping columns also can be accessed via http://www.geoplace.com, select the “News” item at the top-left, then “Articles/Columns & Archives” and from the second “or search by” pick list choose “Beyond Mapping.” Most of the processing and figures discussed in these online papers were derived using MapCalc^TM software. See www.innovativegis.com, “Software” section to download a free MapCalc Learner version with tutorial materials for classroom and self-learning map analysis concepts and procedures.

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Return to Top of the listing

Beyond Mapping III: A Compilation of Beyond Mapping Columns is an online book organizing the columns from 1996 to present into 28 Topics, Introduction and Epilog

Map Analysis: Understanding Spatial Patterns and Relationships is a hardcopy book (GeoTec Media, 2007) of selected columns from 1996 to 2007 organized into 10 Topics, Introduction and Epilog with a companion CD-ROM for hands-on exercises and further reading

Beyond Mapping III online book — click on hyper links below (from September 1996 to present)

Note: click on the hyperlinks below to access the columns compiled into the Beyond Mapping III online book at www.innovativegis.com/basis

…columns below (highlighted in tan) were published since the Map Analysis book/CD release (after January, 2007)
7	July	2013	In Search of the Elusive Image — describes extended geo-query techniques for accessing images containing a location of interest
6	June	2013	Setting a Place at the Table for Grid-based Data — describes the differences between individual file and table storage approaches
5	May	2013	Mixing It up in GIS Modeling’s Kitchen — an overview of map analysis and GIS modeling considerations
4	April	2013	Spatially Evaluating the T-test — illustrates the expansion of traditional math/stat procedures to operate on map variables to spatially solve traditional non-spatial equations
3	March	2013	Depending on Where is What — develops an organizational structure for spatial statistics
2	February	2013	Recasting Map Analysis Operations for General Consumption — reorganizes ArcGIS’s Spatial Analyst tools into the SpatialSTEM framework that extends traditional math/stat procedures
1	January	2013	Optimal Path Density is not all that Dense (Conceptually) — uses Optimal Path Density Analysis to identify “corridors of common access”
12	December	2012	Bringing Travel and Terrain Directions into Line — describes comparison procedures and route evaluation techniques
11	November	2012	Just How Crooked Are Things? — discusses distance-related metrics for assessing crookedness
10	October	2012	To Boldly Go Where No Map Has Gone Before — identifies Lat/Lon as a Universal Spatial Key for joining database tables
9	September	2012	Organizing Geographic Space for Effective Analysis — an overview of data organization for grid-based map analysis
8	August	2012	Altering Our Spatial Perspective through Dynamic Windows — discusses the three types of roving windows— fixed, weighted and dynamic
7	July	2012	Narrowing-In on Absurd Gerrymanders — discusses how a Narrowness Index (NI) can be applied to assess redistricting configurations
6	June	2012	Questioning GIS in Higher Education — describes thoughts and notes from a panel discussion on “GIS in Higher Education”
5	May	2012	Infusing Spatial Character into Statistics — describes a statistical structure for spatial statistics operations
4	April	2012	Simultaneously Trivializing and Complicating GIS — describes a mathematical structure for spatial analysis operations
3	March	2012	Paint by Numbers Outside the Traditional Statistics Box — discusses the nature of Spatial Statistics operations
2	February	2012	Map-ematically Messing with Mapped Data — discusses the nature of grid-based mapped data and Spatial Analysis operations
1	January	2012	SpatialSTEM Has Deep Mathematical Roots — provides a conceptual framework for a map-ematical treatment of mapped data
12	December	2011	VtoR and Back! — describes various techniques for converting between vector and raster data types
11	November	2011	Contour Lines versus Color Gradients for Displaying Spatial Information — discusses the similarities and differences between discrete contour line and continuous gradient procedures for visualizing map surfaces
10	October	2011	The Universal Key for Unlocking GIS’s Full Potential — outlines a global referencing system approach compatible with standard DBMS systems
9	September	2011	Assessing Wildfire Response (Part 2): Jumping Right into It — describes map analysis procedures for determining initial response time for alternative attack modes
8	August	2011	Assessing Wildfire Response (Part 1): Oneth by Land, Twoeth by Air — discusses a spatial model for determining effective helicopter landing zones
7	July	2011	Extending Information into No-Data Areas — describes a technique for “filling-in” information from surrounding data into no-data locations
6	June	2011	Breaking Away from Breakpoints — describes the use of curve-fitting to derive continuous equations for suitability model ratings
5	May	2011	Correlating Maps and a Numerical Mindset — describes a Spatially Localized Correlation procedure for mapping the mutual relationship between two map variables
4	April	2011	Comparing Apples and Oranges — describes a Standard Normal Variable (SNV) procedure for normalizing maps for comparison
3	March	2011	A Dynamic Tune-up for Distance Calculations — describes the algorithms for dynamic effective distance procedures involving intervening conditions
2	February	2011	Advancing the Concept of Effective Distance — describes the algorithms used in implementing Starter value advanced techniques
1	January	2011	Which Direction Are You Headed? — describes four perspectives on the trailing “S” in the GIS acronym
12	December	2010	GIS’s Supporting Role in the Future of Natural Resources — discusses the influence of human dimensions in natural resources and GIS technology’s role
11	November	2010	A Suitable Framework for GIS Modeling — describes a framework for suitability modeling based on a flowchart of model logic
10	October	2010	Putting GIS Modeling Concepts in Their Place — develops a typology of GIS modeling types and characteristics
9	September	2010	Comparing Emergency Response Alternatives — describes comparison procedures and route evaluation techniques
8	August	2010	Extending Emergency Response Beyond the Lines — discusses basic model processing and modifications for additional considerations
7	July	2010	E911 for the Backcountry — describes development of an on- and off-road travel-time surface for emergency response
6	June	2010	A Twelve-step Program for Recovery from Flaky Forest Formulations — describes a spatial model for identifying Landings and Timbersheds
5	May	2010	Extending Forest Harvesting’s Reach — discusses a multiplicative weighting method for model extension
4	April	2010	Harvesting an Understanding of GIS Modeling — describes a prototype model for assessing off-road access to forest areas
3	March	2010	Fitting Square Pegs into Round GIS Educational Holes — discusses the need to engage non-GIS students in developing spatially distributed solutions
2	February	2010	GIS Education’s Need for “Hitchhikers” — establishes the need for engaging “domain experts” in moving geotechnology to the next level
1	January	2010	A Quick Peek Outside GIS’s Disciplinary Cave — discusses future directions of geotechnology with particular emphasis on career outlook and GIS education
12	December	2009	From a Map Pancake to a Soufflé — continues the discussion of concepts and configuration of a 3D GIS
11	November	2009	Thinking Outside the Box — discusses concepts and configuration of 3-dimensional geography
10	October	2009	Visualizing a Three-dimensional Reality — uses visual connectivity to introduce and reinforce the paradigm of three-dimension geography
9	September	2009	GIS and the Cloud Computing Conundrum — describes cloud computing with particular attention to its geotechnology expression
8	August	2009	Use Spatial Sensitivity Analysis to Assess Model Response — develops an approach for assessing the sensitivity of GIS models
7	July	2009	Melding the Minds of the “-ists” and “-ologists” — elaborates on the two basic mindsets driving the geotechnology community
6	June	2009	A Narrow-minded Approach — describes how Narrowness maps are derived
5	May	2009	Identifying Upland Ridges — describes a procedure for locating extended upland ridges
4	April	2009	What’s Missing in Mapping? — discusses the need for identifying data dispersion as well as average in Thematic Mapping
3	March	2009	What’s in a Name — suggests and defines the new term Geotechnology
2	February	2009	Is it Soup Yet? — describes the evolution in definitions and terminology
1	January	2009	Follow These Steps to Map Potential Sales — describes an extensive geo-business application that combines retail competition analysis and product sales prediction
12	December	2008	Can We Really Map the Future? — describes the use of “linear regression” to develop prediction equations relating dependent and independent map variables
11	November	2008	Discover the “Miracles” in Mapping Data Clusters — describes the use of “clustering” to identify inherent groupings of similar data patterns
10	October	2008	Get “Map-ematical” to Identify Data Zones — describes the use of “level-slicing” for classifying locations with a specified data pattern (data zones)
9	September	2008	Use Map Analysis to Characterize Data Groups — describes the use of “data distance” to derive similarity among the data patterns in a set of map layers
8	August	2008	Interpreting Interpolation Results (and why it is important) — describes the use of “residual analysis” for evaluating spatial interpolation performance
7	July	2008	Myriad Techniques Help to Interpolate Spatial Distributions — discusses the basic concepts underlying spatial interpolation
6	June	2008	Linking Numeric and Geographic Distributions — investigates the link between numeric and geographic distributions of mapped data
5	May	2008	Shedding Light on Terrain Analysis — discusses how terrain orientation is used to generate Hillshade maps
4	April	2008	Twisting the Perspective of Map Surfaces — describes the character of spatial distributions through the generation of a customer density surface
3	March	2008	Contiguity Ties Things Together — describes an analytical approach for determining effective contiguity (clumped features)
2	February	2008	How to Determine Exactly “Where Is What” — discusses the levels of precision and accuracy
1	January	2008	Explore the Softer Side of GIS — describes a Manual GIS (circa 1950) and the relationship between social science conceptual frameworks for understanding/judgment in GIS modeling
12	December	2007	Lumpers and Splitters Propel GIS — describes the two camps of GIS (GeoExploration and GeoScience)
11	November	2007	Throwing the Baby Out with the Bath Water — discusses the information lost in aggregating field data and assigning typical values to polygons (desktop mapping)
10	October	2007	Get a Consistent Statistical Picture — describes creation of a Standardized Map Variable surface using Median and Quartile Range
9	September	2007	Normally Things Aren’t Normal — discusses the appropriateness of using traditional “normal” and percentile statistics
8	August	2007	GIS Innovation Drives Its Evolution — discusses the cyclic nature of GIS innovation (Mapping, Structure and Analysis)
7	July	2007	The Long and Short of Slope — investigates longitudinal and transverse slope calculation
6	June	2007	Segmenting Our World — discusses techniques for segmenting linear routes based on terrain inflection
5	May	2007	Getting the Numbers Right — describes an alternative framework based on how the map values are retrieved to classify analytical operations
4	April	2007	Geo-Referencing Is the Cornerstone of GIS — describes current and alternative approaches for referencing geographic and abstract space
3	March	2007	Understand Resolution to “Think with Maps” — discusses the factors that determine the “informational scale” digital maps
2	February	2007	Finding Common Ground in Paper and Digital Worlds — describes the similarities and differences in information and organization between traditional paper and digital maps

…BM columns above were published after the Map Analysis book/CD release.
…BM columns below were published in the Map Analysis book/CD release (September 1996 to January, 2007). Return to Top of the listing
1	January	2007	A Multifaceted GIS Community — investigates the technical shifts and cultural impacts of the rapidly expanding GIS tent of users, application developers and tool programmers
12	December	2006	Pathways to GIS — explores different paths of GIS adoption for five disciplines (Natural Resources, Facilities Management, Public Health, Business and Precision Agriculture)
11	November	2006	Contemporary GIS and Future Directions — discusses contemporary GIS and probable future directions (Multimedia Mapping and Spatial Reasoning/Dialog)
10	October	2006	Early GIS Technology and Its Expression — traces the early phases of GIS technology (Computer Mapping, Spatial Database Management and Map Analysis/Modeling)
9	September	2006	Statistically Compare Continuous Map Surfaces — discusses procedures for comparing continuous map surfaces
8	August	2006	Spatial Data Mining “Down on the Farm” — discusses process for moving from Whole-Field to Site-Specific management
7	July	2006	Statistically Compare Discrete Maps — discusses procedures for comparing discrete maps
6	June	2006	Under the Hood of Spatial Interpolation — investigates the basic concepts in IDW and Kriging interpolation procedures
5	May	2006	The Average Is Hardly Anywhere — discusses the difference between spatial and non-spatial data distributions
4	April	2006	Key Concepts Characterize Unique Conditions — describes a technique for handling unique combinations of map layers
3	March	2006	Use LCP Procedures to Center Optimal Paths — discusses a procedure for eliminating “zig-zags” in areas of minimal siting preference
2	February	2006	Nearby Things Are More Alike — use of decay functions in weight-averaging surrounding conditions
1	January	2006	Spatially Aggregated Reporting: The Probability is Good — discusses techniques for smoothing “salt and pepper” results and deriving probability surfaces from aggregated incident records
12	December	2005	Filtering for the Good Stuff — investigates a couple of spatial filters for assessing neighborhood connectivity and variability
11	November	2005	Milking Spatial Context Information — describes a procedure for deriving a customer density surface
10	October	2005	Computer Processing Aids Spatial Neighborhood Analysis — discusses approaches for calculating slope and profile
9	September	2005	Connect All the Dots to Find Optimal Paths — describes a procedure for determining an optimal path network from a dispersed set of end points
8	August	2005	Taking Distance to the Edge — discusses advance distance operations
7	July	2005	Calculate and Compare to Find Effective Proximity — describes how effective proximity is calculated
6	June	2005	Extend Simple Proximity to Effective Movement — discusses the concept of effective distance responding to relative and absolute barriers
5	May	2005	Use Cells and Rings to Calculate Simple Proximity — describes how simple proximity is calculated
4	April	2005	Measuring Distance Is Neither Here nor There — discusses the basic concepts of distance and proximity
3	March	2005	Making Space for Mapped Data — investigates the link between geographic space and data space for mapping data patterns
2	February	2005	Use Spatial Statistics to Map Abnormal Averages — discusses surface modeling to characterize the spatial distribution inherent in a data set
1	January	2005	Bending Our Understanding of Distance — uses effective distance in establishing erosion setback to demonstrate spatial analysis
12	December	2004	Moving Mapping to Analysis of Mapped Data — describes Spatial Analysis and Spatial Statistics as extensions to traditional mapping and statistics
11	November	2004	’Straightening’ Conversions Improve Optimal Paths — discusses a procedure for spatially responsive straightening of optimal paths
10.1	October	2004	Logic and Extent Elevate Suitability Models to New Levels — extends Rating discussion to include additional habitat considerations and model weighting
10	October	2004	Extended Experience Materials (unpublished support material) — provides hands-on experience with Suitability Modeling
9	September	2004	Use “Shadow Maps” to Understand Overlay Errors — describes how shadow maps of certainty can be used to estimate error and its propagation
8	August	2004	Mapping Techniques Rate Hugag Habitat Suitability — expands discussion to Binary Progression and Rating suitability models
7	July	2004	Suitability Models Find the Good, the Bad and the Hugag — describes a simple suitability model for characterizing habitat
6	June	2004	Computers Quickly Characterize Spatial Coincidence — discusses several human considerations in implementing GIS
5	May	2004	Overlay Operations Feature a Variety of Options — discusses the basic overlaying map operations
4	April	2004	Options Seem Endless When Reclassifying Maps — discusses the basic reclassifying map operations
3	March	2004	Use a Map-ematical Framework for GIS Modeling — describes a conceptual structure for map analysis operations and GIS modeling
2	February	2004	Migration Modeling Determines Spill Effect — describes procedures for assessing overland and channel flow impacts
1	January	2004	Use Available Tools to Calculate Flow Time and Quantity — discusses procedures for tracking flow time and quantity
12	December	2003	Constructing Realistic Downhill Flows Proves Difficult — discusses procedures for characterizing path, sheet, horizontal and fill flows
11	November	2003	Traditional Approaches Can’t Characterize Overland Flow — describes the basic considerations in overland flow
10.3	October	2003	Think with Maps to Evaluate Alternative Routes — describes procedures for comparing routes
10.2	October	2003	Least Cost Path Review (unpublished support material) — brief review of the LCP procedure for identifying optimal routes and corridors
10.1	October	2003	Extended Experience Materials (unpublished support material) — provides hands-on experience with Optimal Path analysis
9	September	2003	A Recipe for Calibrating and Weighting GIS Model Criteria — identifies procedures for calibrating and weighting map layers in GIS models
8	August	2003	Consider Multi-Criteria When Routing — discusses the construction of a discrete “cost/avoidance” map and optimal path corridors
7	July	2003	A Three-Step Process Identifies Preferred Routes — describes the basic steps in Least Cost Path analysis
6	June	2003	Use Mapping “Art” to Visualize Values — describes procedures for generating contour maps
5	May	2003	Turning GIS Education on Its Head — describes the numerous GIS career pathways and the need to engage prospective students from a variety of fields
4	April	2003	Multiple Methods Help Organize Raster Data — discusses different approaches to storing raster data
3	March	2003	Try Vulnerability Maps to Visualize Aesthetics — describes a procedure for deriving an aesthetics map based on visual exposure to pretty and ugly places
2	February	2003	Use Maps to Assess Visual Vulnerability — discusses a procedure for identifying visually vulnerable areas
1	January	2003	Beware of Slope’s Slippery Slope — describes various slope calculations and compares results
12	December	2002	Use Surface Area for Realistic Calculations — describes a technique for adjusting planimetric area to surface area considering terrain slope
11	November	2002	Identify Valley Bottoms in Mountainous Terrain — illustrates a technique for identifying flat areas connected to streams
10	October	2002	Accumulation Surfaces Connect Bus Riders and Stops — discusses an accumulation surface analysis procedure for linking riders with bus stops
9	September	2002	Normalizing Maps for Data Analysis — describes map normalization and data exchange with other software packages
8	August	2002	Maps Are Numbers First, Pictures Later — discusses the numeric and geographic characteristics of map values
7	July	2002	Grids and Lattices Build Visualizations — describes Lattice and Grid forms of map surface display
6	June	2002	Use Travel Time to Connect with Customers — describes techniques for optimal path and catchment analysis
5	May	2002	Grid-Based Mapping Identifies Customer Pockets and Territories — identifies techniques for identifying unusually high customer density and for delineating spatially balanced customer territories
4	April	2002	Maps and Curves Can Spatially Characterize Customer Loyalty — describes a technique for characterizing customer sensitivity to travel-time
3	March	2002	Use Travel Time to Identify Competition Zones — discusses the procedure for deriving relative travel-time advantage maps
2	February	2002	Stratify Maps to Make Better Predictions — illustrates a procedure for subdividing an area into smaller more homogenous groups prior to generating prediction equations
1	January	2002	Spatial Data Mining Allows Users to Predict Maps — describes the basic concepts and procedures for deriving equations that can be used to derive prediction maps
12	December	2001	Use Statistics to Map Data Clusters — discusses clustering for partitioning an are into separate data groups
11	November	2001	Use Similarity to Identify Data Zones — describes level-slicing for classifying areas into zones containing a specified data pattern
10	October	2001	Geographic Software Removes Guesswork from Map Similarity — discusses basic considerations and procedures for generating similarity maps
9	September	2001	Use Polar Variograms to Assess Distance and Direction Dependencies — discuses a procedure to incorporate direction as well as distance for assessing spatial dependency
8	August	2001	Use Exposure Maps and Fat Buttons to Assess Visual Impact — investigates procedures for assessing visual exposure
7	July	2001	Visual Exposure is in the Eye of the Beholder — describes procedures for assessing visual impact and creating simple models
6	June	2001	Identify and Use Visual Exposure to Create Viewshed Maps — discusses basic considerations and procedures for establishing visual connectivity
5	May	2001	Consider Slope and Scenic Beauty in Deriving Hiking Maps — describes a general procedure for weighting friction maps to reflect different objectives
4	April	2001	Derive and Use Hiking-Time Maps for Off-Road Travel — discusses procedures for establishing hiking-time buffers responding to off-road travel
3	March	2001	Integrate Travel-Time into Mapping Packages — describes procedures for transferring travel-time data to other maps
2	February	2001	Use Travel-Time Buffers to Map Effective Proximity — discusses procedures for establishing travel-time buffers responding to street type
1	January	2001	Create Effective Distance Buffers to Improve Map Accuracy — develops procedures for creating buffers that respond to the relative ease of movement
12	December	2000	Line-of-Sight Buffers Add Intelligent to Maps — describes procedures for creating buffers that track relative visual exposure and noise levels
11	November	2000	Extending GIS Procedures with Variable-Width Buffers — discusses the basic considerations in establishing variable-width buffers that respond to both intervening conditions and the type of connectivity
10	October	2000	Video Mapping Brings Maps to Life — describes how video maps are generated and discusses some applications of video mapping
9	September	2000	Capture "Where and When" on Video-based GIS — describes how GPS-enabled video and digital still cameras work
8	August	2000	How to Represent Changes in a Virtual Forest — discusses how simulations and "fly-bys" are used to visualize landscape changes and characteristics
7	July	2000	How to Rapidly Construct a Virtual Scene — describes the procedures in generating a virtual scene from landscape inventory data
6	June	2000	Behind the Scenes of Virtual Reality — discusses the basic considerations and concepts in 3D-object rendering
5	May	2000	Modeling Erosion and Sediment Loading — illustrates a GIS model for assessing erosion potential and sediment loading
4	April	2000	Confluence Maps Further Characterize Micro-terrain Features — describes the use of optimal path density analysis for mapping surface flows
3	March	2000	Characterizing Terrain Slope and Roughness — discusses techniques for determining terrain inclination and coarseness
2	February	2000	Characterizing Local Terrain Conditions — discusses the use of "roving windows" to distinguish localized variations
1	January	2000	Use Data to Characterize Micro-Terrain Features — describes techniques to identify convex and concave features
12	December	1999	Can Predictable Maps Work for You? — describes a procedure for deriving a spatial prediction model
11	November	1999	Use Scatterplots to Understand Map Correlation — discusses the underlying concepts in assessing correlation among maps
10	October	1999	Use Statistics to Compare Map Surfaces — describes several techniques for comparing map surfaces
9	September	1999	Compare Maps by the Numbers — describes several techniques for comparing discrete maps
8	August	1999	Use Metrics to Assess Forest Fragmentation — describes some landscape indices for determining richness and fragmentation
7	July	1999	Get to the Core of Landscape Analysis — describes techniques for assessing core area and edge characterization
6	June	1999	Use GIS to Analyze Landscape Structure — discusses the underlying principles in landscape analysis and introduces some example landscape indices
5	May	1999	Use GIS to Calculate Nearby Neighbor Statistics — describes a technique that calculates the proximity to all of the surrounding parcels of a similar vegetation type
4	April	1999	GIS Represents Spatial Patterns and Relationships — discusses the important differences among discrete mapping , continuous map surfaces and map analysis
3	March	1999	Observe the Evolving GIS Mind Set — illustrates the "map-ematical" approach to analyzing mapped data
2	February	1999	Is GIS Technology Ahead of Science? — discusses several issues surrounding the differences in the treatment of non-spatial and spatial data
1	January	1999	Extending Spatial Dependency to Maps — describes a technique for generating a map of spatial autocorrelation
12	December	1998	Measuring Spatial Dependency — describes the basic measures of autocorrelation
11	November	1998	Unlocking the Keystone Concept of Spatial Dependency — discusses spatial dependency and illustrates the effects of different spatial arrangements of the same set of data
10	October	1998	GIS Data Are Rarely Normal — describes the basic non-spatial descriptive statistics
9	September	1998	GIS Software's Changing Roles — discusses the evolution of GIS software and identifies important trends
8	August	1998	Identify Data Patterns — discusses data clustering and its application in identifying spatial patterns
7	July	1998	Explore Data Space — establishes the concept of "data space" and how mapped data conforms to this fundamental view
6	June	1998	Link Data and Geographic Distributions — describes the direct link between numeric and geographic distributions
5	May	1998	Beware the Slippery Surfaces of GIS Modeling — discusses the relationships among maps, map surfaces and data distributions
4	April	1998	Continued Analysis of In-Store Movement and Sales Patterns — describes the use of temporal analysis and coincidence mapping to enhance shopping patterns
3	March	1998	Further Analyzing In-Store Movement and Sales Patterns — discusses how map analysis is used to investigate the relationship between shopper movement and sales
2	February	1998	GIS Analyzes In-Store Movement and Sales Patterns — describes a procedure using accumulation surface analysis to infer shopper movement from cash register data
1	January	1998	Analyzing Stepped Accumulation Surfaces — describes a technique for forcing an optimal path through a series of points
12	December	1997	Determining Optimal Path Corridors — describes a technique for determining the set of n^th best paths between two points
11	November	1997	Analyzing Accumulation Surfaces — describes how two surfaces can be analyzed to determine the relative travel-time advantages
10	October	1997	Building Accumulation Surfaces — reviews how proximity analysis and effective distance is used to construct accumulation surfaces
9	September	1997	Diverse Student Needs Must Drive GIS Education — identifies new demands and students that are molding the future of GIS education
8	August	1997	Varied Applications Drive GIS Perspectives — discusses how map analysis is enlarging the traditional view of mapping
7	July	1997	Uncovering the Mysteries of Spatial Autocorrelation — describes approaches used in assessing spatial autocorrelation
6	June	1997	Where Is GIS Education — describes the broadening appeal of GIS and its impact on academic organization and infrastructure
5	May	1997	Depending on the Data — discusses the fundamental concepts of spatial dependency
4	April	1997	Comparing Map Errors — describes how normalized maps of error can be used to visualize the differences in error surfaces
3	March	1997	Move Beyond a Map Full of Errors — discusses a technique for generating a "shadow map" of error
2	February	1997	Justifiable Interpolation — describes the "Residual Analysis" procedure for assessing interpolation performance
1	January	1997	Designer Samples — describes different sampling patterns and their relative advantages
12	December	1996	What's the Point? — discusses the general considerations in point sampling design
11	November	1996	Does Anyone Object? — discusses some concerns of object-oriented GIS
10	October	1996	Spatial Objects—the Parse and Parcel of GIS? — discusses database objects and their map expressions
9	September	1996	What Is Object-Oriented Technology Anyway? — establishes the basic concepts in object-oriented technology

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<in preparation>

Beyond Mapping II: A Compilation of Beyond Mapping Columns is an online book organizing the columns from 1993 to 1995 into 10 Topics, Introduction and Epilog